While artificial drying methods have been discontinued, due to excessive fuel cost and the large capital investment required, the conversion of fresh palm oil mill effluent into a potential feedstuff now involves fermentation (anaerobic, thermophilic and acidophilic), followed by concentration (centrifugation or decantation down to 15 to 20% DM) ( Pérez, 1997 Chavalparit, 2006). There have been numerous attempts to convert palm oil mill effluent into a viable animal feed resource. Since the 1980-1990s (depending on the country), developments have taken place in the crude palm oil industry to make it environmentally more sustainable, and wastewater treatment systems are now commonplace in the main areas of production ( Chavalparit, 2006). Palm oil mill effluent is a highly polluting material and much research has been dedicated to means of alleviating its threat to the environment. An industrial oil palm mill produces about 2.5 t of effluent per tonne of palm oil, or 0.5 tonne of effluent per tonne of fresh fruit ( Ho et al., 1984 Pérez, 1997).
The raw effluent contains 90-95% water and includes residual oil, soil particles and suspended solids. Palm oil mill effluent is the voluminous liquid waste that comes from the sterilisation and clarification processes in milling oil palm.
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